Intercity EV Charging Readiness in Türkiye: A Countrywide Scheduling and Economic Assessment

Taner Cokyasar

Abstract

This paper assesses the readiness of Türkiye's electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure to support cost-competitive intercity travel compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Utilizing a directed acyclic graph-based scheduling framework, charging stops are optimized for over 2 million synthetic intercity EV trips across the national highway network, evaluating 9,641 licensed charging stations. An eight-scenario case study examines the interplay between charger power (5--350 kW) and station capacity (5 and 50 plugs), supplemented by a 200-run parametric sensitivity analysis on EV range, discharge rate, charger power, and state-of-charge (SoC) operating bounds. A three-tier economic analysis isolates operational costs, total cost of ownership (TCO), and infrastructure investments. Economically, EVs demonstrate a 23--26% operational cost advantage driven by Türkiye's favorable fuel-to-electricity price ratio, maintaining a 10--12% TCO advantage despite higher purchase prices. However, full-system infrastructure savings heavily depend on station sizing, yielding positive returns at 5 plugs per station but negative returns at 50. Ultimately, vehicle discharge rate emerges as the dominant economic lever. This study provides the first countrywide, vehicle-level assessment of intercity EV charging readiness for an emerging market, offering actionable insights for policymakers on infrastructure gaps, station sizing tradeoffs, and adoption incentives.

Disclosure

“gy. Author Contributions: T. Cokyasar conducted study conception, design, data collection, analysis, and preparation. The author(s) reviewed and approved the manuscript. AI Use: During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used Claude Opus 4.6 and Claude Sonnet 4.6 to improve language, spelling, readability, literature re- view, coding, and result analysis. After using these tools, the author(s) meticulously reviewed and edited the entire text, code, and references (includin”
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Classification: Rewriting existing author-written text
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Verified: 2026-08-23T19:10:02.479423Z

Structural counts

Pages 25 pdf

Theorems 0 source

Lemmas 0 source

Propositions 0 source

Corollaries 0 source

Definitions 0 source

Displayed equations 3 source

Bibliography entries 46 source

Appendix pages 0 estimated

Count notes

Source counts use the expanded primary TeX file elsarticle_template.tex.
Appendix pages include the first PDF page with an explicit Appendix heading through the final page.